Air Travel Safety and Probable Causes of Human Error

Air Travel Safety and Probable Causes of Human Error Should aircrafts have a particular model in recruiting new candidates so as to guarantee predictable quality help? Hashtag: #CertificatesOfDoom Air Travel Safety and Probable Causes of Human Error Business aircraft’s structure misfortune mishap rate is 1.5 per one million takeoffs making it the most secure type of mass transportation on the planet. Be that as it may, in spite of enormous enhancements in business planes innovation, the wellbeing of air travel continually relies upon human effectiveness and unwavering quality or in the capabilities of aircraft’s pilot and group. UK insights of transport mishaps in 2003 propose that there are multiple times a larger number of individuals being killed in fender benders than travelers of business carriers every year. Travelingâ by air is additionally multiple times more secure than rail travel. Actually, the normal casualty for each 12.5 million travelers conveyed by UK carriers is one. In addition, carrier passenger’s by and large survivability rate in the year 2000 was at that point 95.7% and likely a lot higher today because of ceaseless improvement in aircraft’s plan, activity, upkeep, and aviation authority. With the exception of human mistake, this makes business aircrafts the quickest, solid, and most secure sort of mass transportation on the planet. Human blunder is the primary supporter of airplane mishaps. Indeed, regardless of the nearness of computerized flight the executives frameworks and versatile voyage control in cockpits, the regular reason for airplane mishaps is human mistakes. In particular, these are pilot’s purposeful infringement of working strategies, off base thinking, slips or mix-ups brought about by weakness, and wrong reaction to a basic circumstance. Slips brought about by weariness are anything but difficult to acknowledge, yet defying the guidelines and making defective reactions and thinking is a very weird for a knowledgeable, exceptionally prepared, and satisfactorily experienced flight pilot. Are these pilots extremely talented and capable or holders of #CertificatesOfDoom from an aeronautics school in Nairobi? Basic Essay Carriers Criterion and Academically Incompetent Pilots Carriers have aâ specific rule in employing new candidates so as to guarantee predictable quality help. On the opposite side of the coin, it is additionally a prudent step to forestall passage of â€Å"half-baked† pilots or those with low quality flight preparing, less directing experience, and deficient conventional training. It is very clear that a perfect carrier pilot is unified with satisfactory conventional instruction, all around prepared and with extended periods of time of flight understanding. A pilot holding a misleadingly gained scholarly authentication or #CertificatesOfDoom, along these lines, has no business at all in the aeronautics business. The ongoing Twitter uncover about some flight graduates that purchased their degrees and testaments in different fields of Aeronautics, is a dismal sign that a few pilots of business aircrafts are scholastically awkward. Another is the stunning reality that these testaments were sold by the foundation that we as a whole would have liked to show great qualities and advance learning in youngsters. Free Sample Essay about Traveling Scholastically awkward pilots must not be permitted to fly or work in the flight business. Specifically, the individuals who gained their degrees without going to the class are perilous individuals with no regard for human life. The avionics business should keep them out or end the individuals who are as of now in the business. In time, their absence of scholarly information will negatively affect their capacity to reason, settle on right choices, and accurately react to dangerous circumstances. Keep in mind, human blunder isn't just answerable for huge money related misfortunes yet to the a huge number of individuals who were slaughtered by one man’s inadequacy.

Segmentation of Mercedes

Chapter by chapter list 1. 0 Situation Analysis/Current Marketing Mix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 1. 1 Current Product†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 1. 2 Current Pricing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 1. 3 Current Distribution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 1. 4 Current Promotion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 2. 0 Segmentation Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 2. 1 Defining and Explaining Segmentation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 2. 2 Explaining Three Benefits of Mercedes-Benz Brand from utilizing Segmentation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 3. Target Market Identification†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 3. 1 Geographic Segmentation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 3. 2 Demographic Segmentation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 3. 3 Psychographic Segmentation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 3. 4 Behavioral Segmentation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 4. 0 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 20 Surname 3 1. 0 Situation Analysis/Current Marketing Mix 1. 1 Current Product Being a profoundly trustworthy brand all around, Mercedes-Benz has effectively entered in Singapore market.Presently, Mercedes-Benz C class has quickly infi ltrated in the Singaporean extravagance vehicle advertise because of the esteem related with the brand. Being a purchaser item, Mercedes Class C has been portrayed by elite that precisely addresses individual issues for dynamic people through the unrivaled brand name. Throughout the years, Mercedes Benz brand name has won worldwide acknowledgment, adding to its prevalence in Singaporean market. The different sub-models of Mercedes Benz Class C including C230, C240, C320 and C350 among others offer shoppers with different rich administrations, other than minor travelling.It is essential to take note of that, the capacity of a center item to offer tenable and other advantageous attributes other than the center item utility upgrades its inclination to obtain fame among consumers1. In such manner, Mercedes Class C has been considered starting at top notch level, having complex highlights to improve driving encounters, snappy in nature and having solid brand name. In Singapore extravagan ce vehicle advertise, it has been accounted for that 70% of clients enquiring about vehicle are greatly intrigued by Mercedes Benz Class C. This means, quite a bit of their time is spent looking on the jazzy idea of the product2.It has been seen that, the majority of these shoppers searching for Mercedes Benz Class C don’t effectively settle on different brands until they get it some different occasions when it is accessible. This is prove by the selling motto of the item â€Å"Drive and Seek,† which targets guaranteeing the purchasers extreme execution of the item. All the more along these lines, the lofty idea of Mercedes Class C can be considered as a one of a kind component that has added to its notoriety in Singapore. It has been seen that, Mercedes Benz Class C is multi-reason, since it is as yet utilized in sports just as for private open air traveling.It is fundamental to take note of that, the capacity of an item to offer customers with extra advantages other than the essential uses adds to its fame among buyers. By having more extra advantages than its 1 Richard, Semenik and Gary, Bamossy, Principles of Marketing: A Global Perspective (New York: Prentice Hall, 2005), 68. 2 Beng, Chua. Life isn't Complete without Shopping: Consumption Culture in Singapore, (Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2003), 72. Family name 4 center contenders like BMW, Mercedes Benz Class C has infiltrated well in Singaporean markets. 1. 2 Current PricingThe extravagance vehicle advertise in Singapore is an oligopoly serious market, since there are barely any extravagance vehicle marks in the market. Being a predominant brand in the market, Mercedes-Benz C-Class has productively infiltrated in the Singapore showcase. This has been seen in the manner this brand profoundly requested, in spite of its significant expenses. Especially, Mercedes Benz Class C evaluating methodology is valuebased, considering the route customers of this item have not been delicate to the significant expenses for this item. It has additionally been seen that, increment in costs for Mercedes Benz Class C doesn't influence purchaser demand.This is prove when costs for Mercedes Benz Class C 350 expanded from ? 32580 in the year 2006 to ? 33130 in the year 2007, the all out interest for the item stayed undisturbed, comprising of about 30% of extravagance request in Singapore3. This shows how the predominance of the brand isn't influenced by value changes, since buyers have are profoundly faithful to the brand, in spite of contenders utilizing different strategies to advertise their items. Client unwaveringness for Mercedes Benz Class C is shown in the manner purchasers in Singapore keep up the interest for the brand, in spite of its rivals bringing down their prices.For case, BMW is one of the center opponents of Mercedes Benz, whose propensity of diminishing costs has not influenced the interest for Mercedes Benz Class C. Especially, the year 2007 saw BMW bring dow n the costs of its extravagance vehicle models in Singapore so as to win more clients, a technique which didn't influence the interest for Mercedes Benz Class C4. This means, buyers will in general see the estimation of Mercedes Benz as being far a lot higher than the cash they pay for.As an outcome, significant level of client faithfulness has been predominant for Mercedes Benz Class C in Singapore because of the remarkable highlights and lofty nature of the extravagance vehicle brand. Taking into account that Mercedes Benz Class C is sophistically made utilizing exceptionally expensive assets, the procedure received by the brand in estimating the item is successful. Despite the fact that Mercedes-Benz C-Class is a costly vehicle, its incentive among the shoppers has caused it to secure reliability among the clients. 1. 3 Current Distribution 3 Leslie, Butterfield, Enduring Passion: Story of the Mercedes Benz Brand, (New York: Wiley Publishers, 2005), 36. Dennis, Adler, Mercedes Be nz: First Gear, (London: Motorbooks, 2008), 46. Family name 5 Mercedes C-Class has been dispersed utilizing an assortment of directs in Singapore. With certain purchasers settling on online requests, there are different selling purposes of the extravagance vehicle in Singapore. Among the different goal focuses for Mercedes Benz Class C incorporates the significant fascination focuses in the island like Ion Sky, and Marina Bay Sand among others. All the more in this way, Mercedes Benz Class C has been appropriated in Singapore through significant displays in the island like the Singapore Showroom, Titanic presentation, MBS Countdown, and Elephant Parade among others.This has encouraged the dissemination of the extravagance vehicles to the individuals where they can see it and make purchases5. By having different retail locations for this item, high volume of deals has been knowledgeable about this brand, since purchasers think that its simpler to contact the venders legitimately. Sin ce clients can visit the show rooms and investigate the vehicles straightforwardly, direct cooperations between the brand’s delegates have encouraged brand notoriety among the individuals of Singapore.Since Mercedes Benz Class C items are delivered in Singapore, the vast majority of the merchants are company’s delegates who go about as deals specialists. This makes the clients do not have the chance of collaborating straightforwardly with the producers of the brand. With the progression of web based business, numerous clients in Singapore have embraced internet buying technique for the Mercedes Benz Class C vehicles. Through online stores, Mercedes Company has had the option to generous client base in Singapore6. Being a very much evolved nation, numerous individuals use PCs, making it simpler for them to make the vast majority of their buys online.Through the selection of web video with intuitive operator spine chiller just as the company’s site, buyers have ha d the option to know the items. Subsequent to making on the web buys the vehicles are sent to the clients through the port of Singapore which handles different items from Europe and different pieces of the world. Using a mix of physical selling focuses and web based showcasing technique, Mercedes Company has had the option to appropriate Mercedes Benz Class C vehicles to numerous buyers in Singapore. 1.

Equity :: Papers

Value In 1066 when William the hero came to England the law was very not quite the same as today. Nomad judges who might go around the nation settling any debates administrated it. They began utilizing neighborhood laws and applying these to cases before them. Be that as it may, the Normans were quick to build up a law which they could apply to the entirety nation, a law which would be regular to each one. So they accumulated what was viewed as the best of various neighborhood laws and built up a customary law. Before long however numerous issues were found with customary law. It before long became excessively furrowed. Two of the fundamental issues with custom-based law were, that it didn’t offer adequate cures and, a common activity must be taken by utilization of a â€Å"writ.† A writ was utilized to set out the reason for the activity and the justification for the case. The writ turned into an issue since it must be made to fit and existing writ. To begin with a new writ was made when an appropriate past case couldn't be found be that as it may, it was before long halted and no new writs could be given. This implied that a few cases couldn't be sought after, as a current writ that fit the case couldn't be found. This made numerous individuals despondent with the customary law framework. The other primary explanation individuals were despondent with the customary law framework is that lacking cures were advertised sometimes. The main cure accessible was harms, this implied remuneration, which was not generally acceptable. Because of these issues numerous individuals turned out to be progressively disappointed with the customary law framework. An ever increasing number of individuals started to appeal to the ruler as a â€Å"fountain of justice† for an increasingly appropriate

Robinson Crusoe Critique Essay Example for Free

Robinson Crusoe Critique Essay Volodin Robinson Crusoe And The New Middle Class Before dissecting Robinson Crusoe it is critical to give a short foundation of the creator of such an amazing novel. Daniel Defoe was conceived in 1660 and kicked the bucket in 1731 after an existence of undertakings and mind boggling encounters. He was raised to be extremely strict and his folks were unequivocally appended to the strictness inclination that was spreading around Europe. These perspectives and the solid instruction forced by his folks will emphatically impact Robinson Crusoe’s brain research. Moreover, Defoe filled in as a Merchant, Insurer and during his whole live he has been sent in jail a few times for either little or major issues. Having such an encounter, Defoe emphatically felt to be a piece of the New Middle class that was prospering because of the new settlements and the financial blast of that period. Along these lines we can say that his own understanding, family training and the impact of the developing Middle class firmly provided for Defoe the motivation to make a character, for example, Robinson Crusoe, who speaks to the commonplace New Middle Class individual who can, thinking carefully and his ability, consistently prevail throughout everyday life. Robinson Crusoe speaks to the model of the average English Merchant, relentless and persistently searching for a gainful business to lead. This new kind of figure ceaselessly changes in light of the unacceptable position it has in the general public and consistently endeavors to discover better approaches to make benefit. Truth be told, Robinson Crusoe uncovers these qualities, and his solid connection to the religion, when he sells Xury to the Captain. He offerd me additionally 60 Pieces of Eight more for my Boy Xury, which I was opposed to take, not that I was not ready to let the Captain have him, yet I was exceptionally unwilling to sell the poor Boys Liberty, who had helped me so steadfastly in acquiring my own. Anyway when I let him know my Reason, he own’d it to be simply, and offer’d me this Medium, that he would give the Boy an Obligation to liberate him in ten Years, on the off chance that he turn’s Christian; upon this, and Xury saying he was eager to go to him, I let the Captain have him. † From this citation effectively comes out the solid training provided for Robinson Crusoe. Crusoe doesn't generally think about Xury, despite the fact that he has served him faithfully. This section features the new circumstance of the Middle Class spoke to by Robinson Crusoe that advocated independence, holding onto each and every chance to have an individual benefit, depending just on own forces and gifts. Besides, conceding to changing over Xury into a Christian let us unequivocally comprehend the significance of the Puritan training forced to Defoe by his family with the resulting impression of this methodology on Robinson Crusoe, who just concurs in the wake of ensuring that the Captain need to transform Xury into a â€Å"Good Christian†. Robinson Crusoe exhibits to be the â€Å"new average man† during his long remain at the isle. The island turns into the ideal field to totally discharge his working class perspectives and the chance to demonstrate that he has the right to be spared by God’s provision. It is essential to decipher appropriately the noteworthy of the Island. Crusoe’s remain at the island must be viewed as the opportunity for Robinson Crusoe to demonstrate his characteristics controlling, controlling and abusing the Nature. Thusly, Crusoe starts to â€Å"recreate† the English society of the eighteenth Century, adhering to the Middle Class employments of productivity and uniqueness. For example, when Crusoe meets Friday he chooses to force him his method of living demonstrating by and by his need to force the â€Å"English life style†. Actually, further on in the novel Robinson Crusoe educates to Friday how to communicate in English and how to decipher the sacred Bible. In the island comes out even the commonplace connection to the Puritanism of the Middle Class spoke to by Robinson Crusoe who put stock in the God’s Providence. Crusoe is persuaded that God is the main source of everything except for he can change his fate by acting after his mind and utilizing his gifts. To close, Defoe shows us an ideal legend who, following the Middle Class instruction and mindset, can confront each issue and understanding it thinking carefully and his abilities. It is fantastic how Defoe could dazzle in a unimaginable manner the primary parts of the developing Middle Class. Like Robinson Crusoe illustrates, and Defoe in first individual immovably thinks, an individual utilizing his own ability and being constantly mindful of his chance can develop and consistently figure out how to endure and prevail throughout everyday life in the event that he truly needs and takes a stab at that.

Gabapentin Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, Treatment

Gabapentin Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, Treatment Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print How Long Does Withdrawal From Gabapentin Last? By Corinne O’Keefe Osborn linkedin Corinne Osborn is an award-winning health and wellness journalist with a background in substance abuse, sexual health, and psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Corinne O’Keefe Osborn Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 26, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 05, 2019 More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Signs and Symptoms Coping and Relief Warnings Long-Term Treatment Resources View All Back To Top Gabapentin (Neurontin) is an anticonvulsant used to treat seizures and nerve pain. It is often prescribed “off-label” to treat migraines, fibromyalgia, and pain. Gabapentin is not currently a controlled substance because experts have always believed it showed little potential for abuse or dependence. Despite its legal status, gabapentin prescriptions have increased significantly over the past decade, and recent research points to an uptake in illicit abuse. Overview It is rare to experience withdrawal symptoms from gabapentin, but it does happen. A review of medical journals published between 1993, when gabapentin was approved, and 2015, found 18 case reports of gabapentin addiction, dependence, or withdrawal.?? Doctors publish case reports when they encounter a patient with a rare disorder or with a condition that they want to make their colleagues aware of. Case reports are significant because they help further knowledge and identify subjects worthy of future research. It’s worth noting that just because there are so few reports of gabapentin withdrawal, doesn’t necessarily mean it’s as rare as people once thought. It’s possible that many people simply don’t seek treatment for gabapentin withdrawal. According to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), gabapentin use is on the rise. Doctors wrote more than double the amount of gabapentin prescriptions in 2017 as they did in 2011.?? The illicit use of gabapentin also appears to be increasing. In a small survey of prescription drug abusers in Appalachian Kentucky, 15 percent reported using gabapentin to get high. That number is a 165 percent increase from the year prior and a 2,950 percent increase from 2008.?? It appears as though gabapentin dependence and withdrawal are most common among people who use at least one other substance, such as opioids or alcohol. In the case reports, all patients had past drug or alcohol addiction issues.?? Opioid users have reported using gabapentin to intensify their high. Cocaine users have reported the same, as well as attempts to use gabapentin to help alleviate cocaine withdrawal. Signs and Symptoms Among the documented cases, gabapentin withdrawal began between 12 hours and 7 days after the last dose.?? The majority saw withdrawal symptoms within 24 to 48 hours. Common Symptoms The most common symptom was agitation, occurring in about half of the recorded cases. Confusion and disorientation were the next most common symptoms, followed by:SweatingGastrointestinal symptomsTremorsFast heart rateHigh blood pressureInsomnia In many of the cases reported in the medical journals, individuals entered gabapentin withdrawal without the intention to do so.?? This was typically a result of running out of gabapentin or leaving it at home during a trip out of town. This sample of cases is unlikely to be reflective of most people’s experiences with gabapentin withdrawal. The reason for this is that only people with severe or alarming symptoms seek emergency medical treatment.   Among the cases reported, gabapentin withdrawal symptoms typically peaked three days after someone’s last dose. In almost all cases, doctors eventually treated the symptoms by resuming the previous gabapentin dose.?? Once people resumed their dose, their symptoms disappeared within hours. Coping and Relief The best way to cope with gabapentin withdrawal will depend on the severity of your withdrawal symptoms and the state of your mental and physical health. Your current dose of gabapentin and your reasons for taking it are also important factors. Seek medical attention if you or someone you love is already experiencing symptoms of gabapentin withdrawal. If your loved one is showing signs of confusion or psychosis, take them to the emergency room. While it may sound odd, the best treatment for severe gabapentin withdrawal symptoms is gabapentin.?? Resuming your normal dose of gabapentin will get rid of potentially dangerous symptoms, like delirium. After resuming your normal dose, you should make an appointment with your doctor to discuss your motivations for quitting gabapentin. Your doctor can help you safely taper your dose. Tapering means taking progressively smaller doses of medication over a period of several weeks or months. Warnings While gabapentin withdrawal may not be well understood, the recorded cases are alarming. Many of the gabapentin withdrawal case studies involve people with a history of psychiatric or substance abuse problems.?? If you share either of these risk factors, there is cause for concern. Pre-Existing Conditions During detox and withdrawal, the symptoms of pre-existing conditions often return. People with a history of bipolar disorder, psychosis, depression, and epilepsy are all at risk. If you have been taking gabapentin for pain, your pain may return to pretreatment levels. People with these conditions may be safer detoxing in a hospital setting, where doctors are prepared to treat any possible complications.   If you have a pre-existing condition or a history of complicated substance withdrawal, then you might want to consider spending the first few days of your withdrawal in a hospital or specialized inpatient detox facility. Pregnancy If you are pregnant, gabapentin can have unpredictable effects. There is one case study in which an infant was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit because she was born in gabapentin withdrawal.?? If you are pregnant, talk to your obstetrician about the safety of gabapentin and the possibility of tapering down before your baby is born.   Long-Term Treatment Your long-term treatment plan for gabapentin dependence will depend on the presence of pre-existing conditions, including substance abuse, and your reasons for taking the drug in the first place. There are no clinical protocols designed to manage gabapentin withdrawal. You and your doctor can work together to figure out the best way forward. The general consensus seems to be that tapering off gabapentin can help prevent severe withdrawal symptoms. You could taper your dose at home, but it is best to stay in communication with your doctor. If you have been taking high doses of gabapentin that were prescribed by your doctor, then that doctor should be consulted before you taper on your own or stop taking the medication. Your doctor will talk about the risks and benefits of stopping gabapentin. Depending on your situation, risks could include seizures, opioid dependence, or pain. Your doctor may advise transitioning to a different medication before tapering off gabapentin completely. If you have been abusing your gabapentin prescription by mixing it with other drugs or alcohol, then tapering your dose may not be sufficient.?? Addiction is a complex disorder of the brain and it requires a long-term treatment plan. Comprehensive addiction treatment programs typically combine a variety of tactics to help you understand why you began abusing drugs in the first place. Individual and group therapy sessions can teach you how to recognize the negative behavioral patterns that lead you toward drugs. A counselor, therapist, or psychologist can also help you develop strategies for dealing with triggers and cravings. Resources If you or someone you love is experiencing serious signs of gabapentin withdrawal, such as confusion or delirium, do not hesitate to seek emergency medical attention. If you are planning to stop taking gabapentin, you will want to make an appointment with your prescribing doctor or a primary care doctor who can help see you through the tapering process. If you are struggling with addiction issues, especially if you’ve been mixing gabapentin with other drugs or alcohol, you will want to find long-term support. You have several options, including:?? A psychologist, psychiatrist, or counselor in private practice or at a hospitalAn inpatient detox facilityAn addiction treatment center that offers inpatient or outpatient programsA peer support group, like Narcotics Anonymous (NA)A provider licensed to distribute buprenorphine, a treatment for opioid dependence To find a qualified professional in your area, you can use this searchable directory from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). You can also call SAMHSA’s national helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357) to be referred to a provider in your area. SAMHSA also offers a searchable directory of buprenorphine and methadone providers. A Word From Verywell Withdrawal can be tough, especially when you’re withdrawing from more than one substance. If you have been using gabapentin with opioids, withdrawal from each substance can complicate the other. If you are being treated for opioid withdrawal, be sure to tell your doctor about your gabapentin use. The same goes for alcohol.

Judge Not, That Ye Be Not Judged

It is extremely easy to judge our patients. Maybe they don't take their medicines as directed. Maybe they make poor dietary or lifestyle choices. Maybe they don't parent like we parent, or they make poor decisions that lead to even worse outcomes. As medical providers... actually let me rephrase this, as humans, we need to see the beauty in everyone. We should have no place in our heart for judgement. We do not know a persons background, we cannot pretend to understand what circumstances they have encountered in their lives that brought them to our clinic, our space, this corner of the universe. So often we are apt to judge. We interpret a persons actions as black and white. But it is never that easy... NEVER! When we judge we deny a person what they deserve when they come to see us: a space to be understood a space to be free of society's preconceived notions. a space free of judgment. As health care providers there is no greater gift we have to offer, than freedom from judgement. When we choose to free ourselves from this burden we will become better practitioners... And better people. We will have the ability to truly changepeople'slives. You may also like -Virchows Triad: Social Medicine, Morality and Public Health A Moral Understanding of Public Health Virchow's triad is named after the eminent German physician Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902). Itdescribes the three broad categories of factors that are thought to contribute to []Healthcare and the Hunger Games Tributes and Patients The reality of inequality is actually far worse than depicted in the movies and books.Courtesy of Lionsgate Tributes and Patients In Suzanne Collins wonderful series we are presented with a grim depiction of a future world. A []Are Physician Assistants Capable of Deep Clinical Analysis?Last week I wrote a letter to Wellness FX. They areanintriguingand progressive Californiabased health carestart-upoffering laboratory diagnostics and online consultations. I wrote them asking if they were considering allied []

How I Read Literature Like A Professor Notes - 3177 Words

Kaylee Brooks How To Read Literature Like A Professor Notes Introduction: †¢ Archetypes- Spring (youth, renewal, rebirth, fertility) †¢ Comedic Traits- hero fights their own demons and becomes victorious/ downfall is threatened but avoided †¢ WHAT TO LOOK FOR- o Patterns o Interpretive opinions o Resemblance to previous works o Symbols Chapter 1- The Quest †¢ Always a quest (knight, dangerous road, Holy Grail, dragon, evil knight, and princess) †¢ Always a quester †¢ A set destination †¢ A stated reason to go there †¢ Challenges the protagonist faces en route †¢ An actual reason to go there †¢ The motivation for the quest is implicit- the stated reason for going on the journey is never the real reason for going †¢ The real reason for a quest is self-knowledge Chapter 2- Acts of Communion †¢ Whenever characters eat or drink- communion!!! †¢ COMMUNION IS- o Sharing/ peace o May not be holy o Personal and shared o Shows how well characters do or don’t get along o Allows characters to overcome an obstacle †¢ Communion allows readers to empathize with characters †¢ A meal means mortality †¢ Food communion shows what characters have in common/ their bond †¢ We all eat to live, we all die. We all live, we all die Chapter 3- Vampirism †¢ Humans are attracted to danger †¢ Usually older figures violated younger girls †¢ The vampire leaves his mark on the victim/ steals innocence †¢ The vampire is corrupted with older values †¢ Victim gets stripped away of youth, energy and virtue †¢ Death/destruction ofShow MoreRelatedDiction And Reflection In Literature769 Words   |  4 Pagescourse, I acquired a sizable list of skills regarding literature and government. First, I learned the many symbols and themes of novels by reading How to Read Literature Like a Professor at the beginning of the course. Additionally, while reading Things Fall Apart, I learned about the fragility and danger of male masculinity, as well as how to recognize underlying messages in the way an author uses tone, diction, and omission. Furthermore, during the government and economics part of the course, I learnedRead MoreHow Does Read Literature Like A Professor Chapter Responses1720 Words   |  7 PagesHow to Read Literature Like a Professor Chapter Responses Introduction: How’d He Do That? The recognition of patterns makes it much easier to read complicated literature because recognizing patterns will help you relate two or more pieces of literature together, therefore making it easier to understand and analyze the literature you are focused on. Patterns in literature can help the reader understand plots, settings, themes, and other literary elements. I greatly appreciated the novel, Brave NewRead MoreReflection On My Reading Skills872 Words   |  4 Pagesclass I thought that my reading skills were exceptional, but I was undeniably wrong about that. Now, after taking this class I can say that my reading skills have greatly improved. I now know how to analyze works of art and find new meanings behind the words that I read. Now, with the knowledge on how to use criticism to my advantage, all types of literature will become wide open to me in a sense that I will be able to understand literature in greater detail. I would certainly say that I learnedRead MoreAnalyzing My Self Reflective Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesStudies I have surmised that I have changed quite a bit, in terms of what should be considered as literature and a part of literary studies. My previous idea of literature was largely shaped by the texts I had read in high school and the more â€Å"archaic† courses reviewing Shakespeare, Milton, and Chaucer. As I began to explore other classes I was able to create a new definition. The most encompassing perspective was gained in my Theories of Rhetoric and Writing course. Here, my colleagues and I formedRead MoreTheme Analysis : The Norton 1496 Words   |  6 PagesLindsey Michelle Bagio March 6, 2015 ENG-1180-01 Professor Brian Duchaney Take home mid-term 2. Explore the shared relationship of theme and tone, using examples from at least three poems. There are many poems that show the relationship between theme and tone, as shown in our textbook, The Norton Introduction to Literature. But first you must be able to define what theme and tone are and how they are interpreted into many different poems. For this essay, I’m going to explore the shared relationshipRead MoreMy Understanding Of A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man By James Joyce1029 Words   |  5 Pagesobserving myself and my peers I have developed an opinion, this opinion was reinforced by reading How to Read Literature Like a Professor by Thomas Foster. There are different stages of comprehension. Authors and readers utilize both experiences and prior knowledge quite often. My understanding of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man By James Joyce was vastly impacted after reading Foster’s book. Instead of just reading the novel, I dove deeper into the text. Originally I might have just said theRead MoreMy Time At Mercy College1528 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen limited, my time as a declared English major has been just as limited, however, the effort I have put in to pursuing a degree in the subject has not been. I began continuing education at my local community college in 2010, and though at that time I had not outright been an English major, I am fairly certain I took nearly every English course offered. It is interesting I pursued it the way I did, though I always performed well in high school English classes, my experience at college was not the easyRead MoreMy Writing For Writing A Writing Intensive Course1228 Words   |  5 Pagesknow that I will learn in the class to help prepare me for the writing intensive course. These goals, let me know what the expectation is for the class and how these goals will help me to improve my writing proficiency in the writing intensive course. However, it was not an easy journey for me. I did have my struggles with writing essay for this class due to insufficient of English grammar rule s but I manage to do better than I thought. My essays might not be the best but I do notice that I did improveRead MoreMy First Day Of College977 Words   |  4 Pagescollege ever when I walked into my English 1060 class. I felt my stomach doing flips. I was filled with the anticipation on what it was going to be like, what I was going to learn and how hard it was going to be. Before becoming a student at Oakland Community College, I went to Brandon High School. I read purely for entertainment, my favorite books only being found in the teen section at book stores and libraries. My writing habits and â€Å"skills† only consisted of avoiding the paper I had to write untilRead MoreSex As A Political Condition1592 Words   |  7 PagesAward winning professor Carlos Nicolas Flores has put a new perspective in a life of a Mexican-American. The El Paso native has had a successful career as a professor and author, he’s well known for Our House on Hueco, but he’s been recently getting more attention with his lascivious novel: Sex as a Political Condition: A Border Novel. This said novel has placed him in the spotlight as he acquires more interviews and reviews about the book he further discloses information about himself. The interviews

Gender Inequality - 1645 Words

Gender inequality is currently a hot topic in our society. From education, to the entertainment industry, and more importantly, to our daily lives, gender inequality has created a powerful divide between females and males. The same trend follows in the workplace, where females are less likely to hold positions of authority compared to their male counterparts, which is a key contributor to the workplace gender inequality all across the United States. There are a lot of common misconceptions about the facts and aspects of workplace gender inequality. For example, many people believe that women themselves choose lower paying jobs that have little or no authoritative roles. Or that the gender pay gap and inequality in the workplace is due to†¦show more content†¦Therefore, by allowing more females in manager positions, companies can easily facilitate gender equality in the workplace. Fuller and Schoenberger offered their own insight on this topic with their article titled The Gender Salary Gap, which explored the influence of different levels of education, hands-on career experiences, and choice of major, on the starting salaries of college graduates. They narrowed their research by choosing candidates that were business majors, such as finance, accounting, etc. They filled the gaps of previous research by finding measurable factors that affected the salary gap, and they also asked whether a certain set of characteristics had the same effects later on in the person’s career as it did in the beginning (Fuller 179). By using quantitative methods such as regression analysis, decomposing of differentials in starting salary, and by quantifying candidates’ characteristics, so they could be easily measured and compared, they found that the more educated and experienced a woman was, the higher her starting salary. Education and experience, along with the other characteristics declined in impact over a couple years of working, for both men and women. The results also showed that â€Å"women in the sample were more likely toShow MoreRelatedEssay On Gender Inequality1127 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"superior† race/gender of a white male were typically treated as if they were less. Women and African-Americans aren’t being treated as bad today, but they’re still being treated worse than the white males of society. Even today, when white males are typically the leaders of society, it’s not always race and gender that creates inequality; sometimes it’s money that c reates the issue. Not just from past evidence, but from present evidence as well, America shows signs of inequality by the way peopleRead MoreSocial Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay2163 Words   |  9 Pagesn AmericaSocial inequality is defined as the set of unequal for different social classes or statuses for various individuals within a group or society. It usually refers to people of distinct genders, ages and ethnicities. Many American’s have experienced some type of social inequality throughout their lifetime. America’s gaping inequality is seen everywhere from education to the workforce. Society tends to oversee inequality based on race, gender, and other social characteristics believe that racialRead MoreSocial Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay2091 Words   |  9 PagesSocial inequality is defined as the set of unequal opportunities for different social classes or statuses for various individuals within a group or society. It usually refers to people of distinct genders, ages, and ethnicities. Many American’s have experienced some type of social inequality throughout their lifetime. America’s gaping inequality is seen everywhere from education to the workforce. Society tends to oversee inequality based on race, gender, and other social characteristics . AmericansRead MoreGender Inequalities And Gender Inequality922 Words   |  4 PagesGender Inequalities in Education Judge Sonia Sotomayor states, â€Å"Until we get equality in education, we won t have an equal society. That quote resonates throughout the world because of gender inequality in education. Researchers believe gender inequality still exists in the 21st century. Through research, controversial opinions exist about inequality in schools and what has been done to address this situation. What is gender equality? Gender inequality refers to disproportionate dealing or assessmentsRead MoreGender Inequality : Gender Inequalities825 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Ursini Mrs. Karen Cardenas English 4 Sec 03 Sum 17 07 July 2017 Gender Inequalities Thesis: While this could be the best thing the world could accomplish if something changes, Women and men should not be segregated into their own category. Because both genders should have equal rights when it comes to working, money, households, relationships and other categories. This problem has been around for a long time but never been brought to a lot of people s attention, because of this nobody talksRead MoreGender Inequalities And Gender Inequality1791 Words   |  8 PagesGender inequalities have been around since the beginning of time, and it has been a long and bumpy road to achieve the amount of equality that we have today. Still everyday women have the risk of being discriminated against for simply being women. Depending on where these women live, what the predominate culture in the area is, and the amount of education that is allowed affects their risk of being discriminated against and the severity of the act itself. Discrimination can be displayed in formsRead MoreG ender Inequality And Gender Equality1667 Words   |  7 PagesGender inequality is the state in which access to rights or opportunities is affected by gender. Gender inequality is an issue not just nationally but globally. This issue is portrayed by the mistreating of individuals, mainly women, and not valuing everyone as one. This presentation will illustrate the exploration of gender equality, propose a solution and why that solution will produce a better future for a better world. Gender inequality is a very important issue common in our world today thatRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Inequality979 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the past few decades, the gender inequality discourse have became a dominant feature of international, national and local policy debate on the subject of economic development. This policy concern has emerged as an area of scholarly research which seeks to show that improving gender equity leads to economic growth. Gender Inequality in Australia: According to the data published by Australian Bureau of Statistics in May 2015, the full time average earnings of women is $284.20 or 17.9%Read MoreGender Inequality And Gender Inequalities1787 Words   |  8 PagesGender inequality plays a critical role when it comes to social progress. As a woman, I have seen the struggles for equality to men in many aspects. Regardless of the great strides that women have achieved today, it is still hard to find equal opportunity and to be fairly recognized. Some of the areas where gender inequality is very prevalent are in areas such as, equal pay in the workplace, professional education careers, household work, sexism and discrimination just to name a few. GenderRead MoreGender Inequalities Of Sports And Gender Inequality1468 Words   |  6 PagesGender Inequalities in Sport Men throughout history have been the dominant gender, from the times of hunting with stone weapons to the modern day metal and automated machines. Many negative connotations are thought of when comparing women to men like strength, but less so when comparing men to women. Is it the society’s view that women are weaker than men or is it a natural fact brought to light? In sports women experience many prejudices, but even so some sports are equal or even female dominant

Painting Is American Progress By John Gast - 847 Words

It is said that a picture is worth a thousand words, but maybe they are worth far more than that. Pictures, although seemingly simple in nature, are extremely complex. Far too often, people overlook what a picture truly is. When a person looks at an image, they most likely see only the image, nothing else. Many people do not look deep enough into an image to fully comprehend the true meaning of it. However, when an individual begins to truly study an image in an attempt to understand the true complexity of it, they will be surprised at what they overlooked before. As stated by French Realist Painter, Gustave Courbet, â€Å"Fine art is knowledge made visible.† American Progress by John Gast, 1872 At first glance, the painting above may seem very odd. There is a woman flying above what appears to be settlers on the open plains. However, after examining this image closely it begins to make more sense. The title of this painting is American Progress by John Gast. The title of this painting goes along with the painting itself very well as this painting depicts American progress. The painting above is from the era of Manifest Destiny in the United States in the 19th century. Manifest Destiny is the belief that it was God s will for America to stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Americans believed that not only was the United States able to, but that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent, from ocean to ocean. This image is one of theShow MoreRelatedJohn Gasts Painting, American Progess, Shows Human Progress Requires Sacrifice, Suffering, and Struggle789 Words   |  4 PagesHuman progress is neither automatic nor inevitable. Every step toward the goal of justice requires sacrifice, suffering, and struggle; the tireless exertions and passionate concern of dedicated individuals. Without continual growth and progress, such words as improvement, achievement, and success have no meaning. This is why the Americans held the belief that they were destined to expand across the continent. One thing that the American settlers d id not acknowledge was that all progress is precariousRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay1433 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Native Americans already living in the West, but that didn’t stop the people of the United States. Overall, American expansion, during 1803-1860, transformed the West and affected the Native Americans because of Manifest Destiny, Indian Removal and the advancement of trade and economics. The first reason for the transformation of the West was the belief of Manifest Destiny. The term Manifest Destiny was a belief that justified the expansion West, it stated that it was the Americans’ God givenRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States1078 Words   |  5 Pages The expansion of the United States into the territory west of the Mississippi River began with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the nation with a great deal of $15 million from France. While, American development was influenced by westward expansion, the purchasing of more land created controversy. Many disagreed with the idea of expanding and taking over land because Indians who already occupied the land wasn’t included in the agreement that was made and theRead MoreAmerican Progress By John Gast1074 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1872, John Gast created a masterpiece that not only exemplified what American society was like, but global advancement as well. This artwork, rightfully titled â€Å"American Progress† is a clear display of the journey Americans were taking in attempt to civilize the world to their standards, what would become known as the White Man’s burden. While we continue to call it a burden, it seemed anything but to those on the â€Å"civilized† side of it. â€Å"American Progress† shows the joy of bringing enlightenmentRead MoreAmerican Character - Then and Now2118 Words   |  9 PagesAmerican Character - Then and Now A notion that still holds strong today, Fredrick Jackson Turners idea of American character was one based on trials and experiences. Unlike Crevecour, Turner believed that American character was not simply a product of English character transported to America, but rather another idea altogether (Faragher 63). He expressed this opinion the best when he said, In the crucible of the frontier the immigrants were Americanized, liberated, and fused into a mixedRead More american character - then and now Essay2086 Words   |  9 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;American Character - Then and Now nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A notion that still holds strong today, Fredrick Jackson Turner’s idea of American character was one based on trials and experiences. Unlike Crevecour, Turner believed that American character was not simply a product of English character transported to America, but rather another idea altogether (Faragher 63). He expressed this opinion the bestRead MoreFrederick Jackson Turner The Father Of The Frontier Summary899 Words   |  4 Pageswhat is recognized today as American history with his Frontier Thesis, first introduced to the American Historical Association in Chicago in 1893 with his seminal paper â€Å"The Significance of the Frontier in American History,† where he calls the frontier â€Å"the line of most rapid and effective Americanization† (201). Turner, although he did not himself coin the phrase, may be appropriately named the father of â€Å"rugged individualism,† a prevailing understanding of the American spirit, which refers to theRead MoreA Popular American Topic On The 19th Century2982 Words   |  12 PagesA popular American topic taking place in the nineteenth century has been seen as the story of the young nation and its settlement along with its expansion. This tale is often generates a bit of controversy because it was at the expense of the Native Americans lives that this young American nation was able to expand its wings, flourish its economy and set its self-up as the hegemon country in years that would follow. With the increase of population, people saw the need to expand their own personal

The Life and Accomplishments of Leonardo da Vinci Essay

Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452, near the town of Vinci in Italy, which resides next to Florence. He was the son of a Florentine notary, Piero da Vinci, and a young mistress named Caterina. He is famously recognised for his magnificient paintings, the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. Leonardo da vinci was not only a famous painter, he was also an architect, musician, inventor, sculptor, scientist, engineer, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist as well as a writer. Leonardo Da Vinci revealed his artistic talents early in his life when his father had taken him to go train his skills as a painter and sculptor around the age of 15. He trained in the studio of Andrea Del Verroccho, a Renaissance master, where he remained†¦show more content†¦Even though there are still many assertions about where and when the period of the High Renaissance begins and ends, the best and quite well known of the Renaissance are painters who were in the High Renaissance, which included Leonardo. Using structural frame, I have analysed the Mona Lisa. The technique that has been used in this painting is called Sfumato, using this technique you are able to achieve a depth, softening colours and edges with dark glazes. Some of the Elements of Design on this painting are shown quite clearly, while others are not, though the main elements executed are Value (Tone) – The glazes and paint are all relatively dark or at least don’t have much contrast, stic king mostly to the browns though some blues and greens are used and Colour – In many areas of the Mona Lisa there is shading, from the light browns of the face and chest to just under the chin which has been darkened dramatically to increase the look of realism. As with the Elements of Design, the Principles of Design also have some that appear with more strength than others. The epitomes of Principles of the Mona Lisa would be Harmony – A lot of the colours are similar, and combine well with each other in the background and in the foreground. Balance – Balance was used a lot with her skin and her shadows, giving the shadows and hair a darker look because the light is close to it, giving a heavier effect. The media used would be oil paint on poplar. Using this sameShow MoreRelatedLeonardo Da Vinci : The Renaissance951 Words   |  4 Pageshumanism was encouraged, there were countless Renaissance men. One astounding and well recognized man was Leonardo da Vinci, he had many aptitudes and talents that portrayed him to be an astonishing artist of the Renaissance time period. Leonardo da Vinci, Influenced many during the Renaissance, due to his great art, anatomy, science literature. As demonstrated by the achievements of Leonardo da Vinci, the Renaissance was a time of great change. The Renaissance was a time period in the European historyRead MoreThe Achievements Of Leonardo Da Vinci Essay993 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing, pursuing various passions. B. Leonardo da Vinci is one of the inspirational, creative minds, who became popular even if he did not finish his work completely. C. Thesis: Leonardo da Vinci was the epitome of a Renaissance man, possessing the skills of a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, military engineer, scientist, and draftsman. D. I have done extensive research on the achievements Leonardo da Vinci has made throughout his life. I am a fan of his art. E. I will giveRead More Leonardo Da Vinci Essay823 Words   |  4 PagesLeonardo Da Vinci A Renaissance man in Renaissance times, Leonardo Da Vinci frequently defied a simple description. As a scientist, inventor, artist, and so much more, Leonardo Da Vinci’s works continue to impact our lives even now. Born on April 15th, 1452 in Anchiano (now a part of Italy), Leonardo came into a world on the brink of change. The Italian renaissance was sweeping through the peninsula during Da Vinci’s lifetime and he would soon come to be one of its foremost figures. WhileRead MoreThe Rise Of The 19th Century Essay1442 Words   |  6 Pagesof life caused by the Black Death, there was a rapid growth of commerce, invention, and scholarship. Both men and women returned to classical values and its humanist style of thinking, the appreciation of human capabilities as opposed to the divine or supernatural matters, and ultimately worked towards becoming a â€Å"Renaissance man or woman†. Those people who spent their lives expanding their horizons embodied the core values of the period and influenced much of modern day society. Leonardo Da VinciRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci: A Man Ahead of His Time1151 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"It had long since come to my attention that people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let things happen to them. They went out and happened to things.† Not only did Leonardo da Vinci express this statement, he also followed through with this ambitious mindset throughout the course of his entire life. Leonardo was not one to sit around watching the world go by before his eyes. Instead, the painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologistRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci : The Most Famous For His Art1448 Words   |  6 Pages3/29/16 Leonardo Da Vinci When hearing the name Leonardo da Vinci, what comes to mind? For many people it will be his artwork. This is because of all of the accomplishments da Vinci has, he is most famous for his art. What many people don’t know was that he was also a scientist, inventor, and philosopher. Da Vinci lived in a time period known as the Renaissance. This was a time of knowledge and enlightenment, and it gave birth to many of the world’s most talented and educated people. Leonardo da VinciRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci1137 Words   |  4 PagesLeonardo Da Vinci: The Renaissance man Leonardo Da Vinci was a successful man in more areas than artwork. From the time he was a boy, he began studying the arts as well as the ideas of science, medicine, machinery, and much more. Da Vinci’s history is reflected in his paintings and inventions that have been able to change the world of then and now. Leonardo’s artistic vision led him down a prosperous path of life that has made him one of the most innovative individuals the world has seen. With theRead MoreRenaissance Italian Art : Art And Art Of The Renaissance1572 Words   |  7 Pagesenormous impact in Europe during the early modern period. The Renaissance’s influenced politics, science, literature, art, philosophy, religion, music, and other aspects. Around the 13th century in Italy started the Renaissance’s art influence. Leonardo da Vinci, was known as the Renaissance man, because of his art masterpieces and his studies in other fields during this time. Italy wasn’t a political concept in the early modern period. It was separated into smaller city-states and territories: theRead MoreEssay on Leonardo DaVinci591 Words   |  3 PagesLeonardo DaVinci was born in Renaissance era. He was a true Renaissance man. Leonardo has done many interesting things. For example Leonardo DaVinci was a philosopher, an inventor, architect, engineer, mathematics and lastly he was a painter. He basically liked doing interesting things throughout his life (real). Leonardo was born on April 15, 1452 in Anchiano, Italy. His parents have lived in the area for more than 200 years. San Piero was his father and Catarina was his mother. Leonardo’s fatherRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci And The Renaissance Period1455 Words   |  6 PagesLeonardo Da Vinci once said,† the painter who draws merely by practice and by eye, without any reason, is like a mirror which copies everything placed in front of it without being conscious of their existence.† Who would have thought that this rural boy would become one of the world’s greatest mind and artist? Leonardo Da Vinci was born on April 14, 1452 in the town of Vinci near Florence Italy. He lived during the fifteenth century, a period when the people of Europe were becoming interested in

Geomatics Levelling Free Essays

Topic 2: Levelling Aims -Heights, datums and bench marks -Levelling equipment -Field procedure for levelling -Calculating reduced levels -Sources of error in levelling -Other levelling methods Levelling – how heights are defined Engineering surveying involves the measurement of three quantities; heights, angles and distances. Levelling it the process of measuring heights. It is possible when levelling to measure heights with an accuracy of millimetres Heights can also be measured using total stations, handheld lasers and GPS devices. We will write a custom essay sample on Geomatics : Levelling or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, levelling offers an inexpensive, simple and accurate method for measuring heights, and it is widely used in construction sites. Any method of measuring the heights of points above or below the ground using an agreed datum. These datum’s or reference points are present in all construction sites and has an arbitrary height assigned to the point. Most construction sites will have several of these benchmarks, and if they have heights based on an arbitrary datum, they are known as Temporary Bench Marks. Heights Heights are defined using horizontal and vertical lines. The figure below shows a plumbbob suspended at point P, the direction of gravity along the plumb-line defines the vertical at point P. A horizontal or level line is any line at right angles to this For site work, any horizontal line can be chosen as a datum for heights and for levelling. The height of a point is measured along the vertical above or below the chosen datum. The height of a point relative to a datum is known as its reduced level (RL). On most construction sites there is a permanent datum. The horizontal line or surface passing through this, with its height, becomes the levelling datum. The height of the datum can be arbitrary, a value often used for this is 100. 000m. This is chosen to avoid any negative heights occurring. Any reference point on site which has had a height assigned to it is known as a bench mark. For most surveys and construction work, several bench marks would normally be established by levelling from the datum. If heights are based on an arbitrary datum these are known as Temporary Bench Marks or TBMs. Curved Surfaces Level (or horizontal) lines are always at right angles to the direction of gravity. The direction of gravity is generally towards the centre of the earth. Over large areas, as the Earth is curved, level surfaces will also be curved. For these, a height difference is measured along a vertical between two curved level surfaces. When surveying over a large area, a curved level surface of zero height has to be defined. This has been established by the Ordnance Survey, this is called the Ordnance Datum (OD). This corresponds to the average sea level measured Poolbeg or Malin Head. Heights based on these are know as OD heights. The levelling staff Levelling involves measuring vertical distances with reference to a horizontal plane or surface. To do this, a levelling staff is needed to measure vertical distances and an instrument known as a level is required to define the horizontal plane. Many types of staff are used with varying lengths and different markings. The E-type face is commonly used in the UK and Ireland. This can be read directly to 0. 01m and by estimation to the nearest mm. The staff must be held vertically – a circular bubble is sometimes fitted to help this. Automatic Level 1. Focusing screw 2. Eyepiece 3. Foot screw 6. Tangent screw 7. Circular bubble Automatic Level 4. Horizontal circle 5. Base plate 8. Collimator (sight) 9. Object lens The main features of the telescope 1. Object lens 2. Focusing screw 3. Focusing lens 4. Diaphragm 5. Eyepiece The object lens, focusing lens, diaphragm and eye piece are all mounted on an optical axis called the line of collimation or the line of sight. This is an imaginary line which joins the optical centre of the object lens to the centre of the cross hairs. When looking through the eye piece of the surveying telescope, a set of lines called the cross hairs can be seen. These are used for taking measurements from the staff. These cross hairs are etched on a small sheet of glass known as the diaphragm. To make the telescope work, the image of the staff is brought to a focus in the plane of the diaphragm using the focusing screw. The eyepiece is rotated so that the cross hairs are in focus and its focal point is also in the plane of the diaphragm. When looking into the telescope an observer will now see a magnified image of the levelling staff focused against the cross hairs. Parallax Parallax occurs when the focusing screw and the eyepiece is done incorrectly. This condition can be detected by moving the eye to different parts of the eyepiece when reading the staff. If different readings are obtained then parallax is present. To remove parallax, hold a sheet of paper in front of the object and adjust the eyepiece so that the cross hairs are in focus. Then remove the sheet of paper and bring the staff into focus using the focusing screw. Once again check for parallax by moving your eye around the eyepiece. If parallax is still occurring repeat the adjustment procedure. The compensator In an automatic level, the compensator is mounted on the telescope next to the eyepiece. It will only work when the instrument has been levelled to within about 15’ of the vertical using the foot screws and circular bubble. The function of the compensator is to ensure that the line of sight viewed through the telescope is horizontal even if the telescope is tilted Tilting levels Tilting levels use a spirit level instead of a compensator to establish a horizontal line of sight. When the bubble is centred the sprit level will be horizontal. When the bubble is off centre the axis will be tilted. By attaching a sprit level to the telescope such that its axis is parallel to the line of sight a horizontal line can be set. This is done by using a tilting screw, when this is rotated the telescope is tilted a small amount in the vertical plane. The tilting screw is adjusted until the bubble is centred. Digital levels Digital levels are similar in appearance to automatic levels, a horizontal line is established by a compensator and this is done by centralising a circular bubble with the foot screws. The main difference between this and other levels is that the staff readings are taken and recorded automatically. When levelling, a special bar-coded staff is sighted, and there is no need to sight this staff as the level will do this automatically and display the measurement. It can also display the horizontal distance to the staff. The advantages of digital levels are that observations are taken without the need to read a staff or record anything by hand. Introducing this automation removes two of the most common errors when levelling, reading the staff incorrectly and writing down the wrong value in the field book. The on-board computer also calculates the heights required so that the possibility of making a mistake is removed. This makes the digital level much faster to use. Laser levels Laser levels contain a rotating laser which defines a visible horizontal plane from which distance to the ground can be made and then the height can be determined. Using a level The following steps are taken when using a level to measure heights 1. Set up the tripod 2. Ensure the top is level 3. Push legs firmly into the ground 4. Attach level 5. Use foot screws to centralise the circular bubble 6. Test to see if the compensator is working 7. Remove parallax Once the level is set up its important that the line of sight is horizontal. When the foot screws have been used to centralise the circular bubble, it is assumed that the compensator has set the line of sight to be horizontal. However, most levels are not in perfect adjustment and when levelled their line of sight is never exactly horizontal. If the line of sight is not horizontal when the instrument has been levelled, the level has a collimation error. As most levels will have some level of collimation error, a method is required to check if the error is within acceptable limits. This is known as a two-peg test. This needs to be conducted when using a new or different level for the first time and at regular intervals thereafter. Two peg test Stage 1 On fairly level ground, two points A and B are marked a distance of Lm apart. In soft ground, two pegs are used, on hard surfaces nails or paint may be used. The level is set up midway between the points at C and carefully levelled. A levelling staff is placed at A and B and staff readings S1 (at B) and S2 (at A) are taken. The two readings are: S1 = (S1‘ + x) and S2 = (S2‘ + x) S1‘ and S2‘ are the staff readings that would have been obtained if the line of collimation was horizontal, x is the error in each reading due to the collimation error, the effect of which is to tilt the line of sight by angle ?. Since AC = CB, the error x in the readings S1 and S2 will be the same. The difference between readings S1 and S2 gives: S1 – S2 = (S1‘ + x) – (S2‘ + x) = S1‘ – S2‘ This gives the true difference in height between A and B. This demonstrates that if a collimation error is present in a level, the effect of this cancels out when height differences are computed provided readings are taken over equal sighting distances. Stage 2 The level is then moved so that it is L/10m from point B at D and readings S3 and S4 are taken. The difference between readings S3 and S4 gives the apparent difference in height between A and B. If the level is in perfect adjustment then: S1 – S2 = S3 – S4 However this is not always the case and that an error term (e) needs to be estimates e = (S1 – S2) – (S3 – S4) per Lm If the results of these tests show that the collimation error is less than 1mm per 20m (or some specified value). If the collimation error is greater than this specified value then the level has to be adjusted. This is normally done by the manufacturer or a trained technician. Example Readings obtained from a two peg test carried out on an automatic level with a staff placed on two pegs A and B 50m apart are: Staff reading at A = 1. 283m Staff reading at B = 0. 860m With the level position 5m from peg B (L/10): Staff reading at A = 1. 612m Staff reading at B =1. 219m Calculate the collimation error of the level per 50m of sighting distance Solution S1= 0. 860M S2 = 1. 283M S3 = 1. 219M S4 = 1. 612M e = (0. 860 – 1. 283) – (1. 219 – 1. 612) per 50M = (-0. 423 – (-0. 393)) = -0. 030M per 50M Exam Question 2007 (5 marks) How to cite Geomatics : Levelling, Essay examples

Sustainability Strategy of Amcor Limited

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability Strategy of Amcor Limited. Answer: Introduction: A business is sustainable only when it follows its responsibilities and thinks for the community as a whole. Sustainability is the act of balancing. Sustainability is an integral part of business, it defines the relationship between an entity with the community, by coordinating the activities to ensure that the business plays its role in giving back to the community in which they work and live in. Sustainability allows the business to fulfill the needs of the present without compromising on the well-being of future (Crowther Aras, 2008). There are various sustainability issues that a business can address like, Environmental sustainability that includes investigating climate change due to activities of the business, reducing the wastage, controlling the gas emissions, management of wastage disposal, using renewable sources of energy or energy saving, reducing pollution by taking appropriate measures.(Jackson, Ones, Dilchert, 2012). Social sustainability can be undertaken by developing the structure of the community, efforts to promote education or employment opportunities, by promoting women empowerment in corporate sector (Dujon,Dillard, Brennan, 2013). Economical sustainability refers to using the existing resources of the company efficiently and effectively so that they continue to function profitably over a long period of time. In true sense, it is making the most out of the resources in the most responsible way. The goal by undertaking economic sustainability is to ensure that the business remains profitable over a long period of time; a profitable business will remain stable and will continue to function over a longer period of time ( Ikerd, 2012). The environmental, economical and social sustainability together form the three pillars of a sustainable business model. Sustainability Strategy is very essential for a business to work on ethical and moral grounds and also develop and uplift the community in which they work and live. Sustainability in business is by considering the environmental impact by the business activities conducted, claiming social responsibility towards the society and proceeding towards the future in a sustainable way by optimally utilizing the resources. When a business involves all the factors into their values and works on implementing them, it is called sustainability strategy. The most important part while designing the strategy is to see that it aligns with the core business strategies. If the economical, social and environmental strategies do not align with the core business strategies then there are very low chances of the business implementing them, or even if the implementation is made it will not be a profitable or successful idea for the business to undertake (Werbach, 2013). Key points while designing the Sustainability Strategy for the organization includes several factors that have to be considered. A framework has to be designed so that the strategies align with the core values and business strategies. If this part is done right, then it is most likely to be a success for the organization, if not, then the organization might incur some losses and waste resources The most important aspect of this is the recognition of the business to be a more sustainably developed organization. A company should realize that they need to have a proactive approach towards addressing the sustainability issues then a strategy could be formulated. The next part is to link all the employees, stakeholders and managements with the sustainability goals. The communication should be two way while formulating the strategy. Another important aspect is to analyze that the business strategies and values align with the objective of sustainability undertaken. Addressing the right environmental issues, social issues and economical issues which will impact the business in a positive way is crucial. All the risks and opportunities associated with the issues are to be thoroughly considered. The cost analysis of undertaking the projects related to sustainability should be done before hand, so as the business can allocate funds in advance and the expenses could be justified. Business ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility is also a similar framework as to sustainability. In all these practices business undertakes activities that in turn increase its goodwill in the market. Good practices and ethical behavior, implementation and following the regulations laid down by statutory bodies, working for the betterment of the community and towards saving the environmental damage, paying heed to the concerns of the stakeholders, employees and all the people associated with the organization. This credits the firm as a socially responsible entity along with giving it a competitive advantage to it. The investors would like to be associated with such entities which are ethical and responsible. The employees of such organization would be proud and benefited by the practices. The suppliers and customers would like to be associated with such an entity. One of the theories of Corporate Social Responsibility is Triple Bottom Line, which is an assumption that an organization is already a part of a moral community and thus it has to fulfill its responsibilities ( Savitz, 2012). The company has to weigh its actions on the three scales for long term sustainability, which are independent in nature, economic, social and environmental. According to the economic sustainability only those actions are justified that have both long term and short term benefit. Only action that has short term benefit but is long term harm should be refraining from being done. The social sustainability suggests that a company should work for a whole society. i.e., its actions should make benefits for the whole society than just for itself. Environmental sustainability suggests that resources are not infinite and the company should be cautious while using them, optimal usage and renewal sources should be used. There should be minimal damage done while conducting t he activities of business. To measure the real sustainability a framework has to be built that lists some factors and it needs to be judged by the companys management and they should evaluate their position in the market. For reducing the environmental impacts the firms should find the best innovative solutions to reduce the damage. For being socially responsible firms have to establish best human resource practices and policies and should invest in risk and opportunity management. For economical sustainability firms should try to reduce the cost of input along with maintaining the quality and standards set by the market. For being economically responsible the firm could also use renewable sources of energy in its production, supply, transportation, sourcing of raw material and distribution. The firm also has to consider that it is a part of a society and it should work for the society as a whole. This framework when aligned with business values, mission and vision could really change the position of the busin ess in the market in a positive manner (Rauscher Momtaz , 2013). About Amcor, it is a responsible front runner in the packaging industry. It supplies solutions to various manufacturing units, like, / health care, personal care, food beverages, home tobacco. Global presence is in more than 40 countries, it employees more than 29000 people. Social, Economic Environmental Aspect undertaken at Amcor are initiatives like, Smarter- preserving without preservatives is to tackle global problem of food wastage. Lighter- where green house gas emission is reduced by 26%, energy consumption by 23% and raw material saving is done by 25%. Safer - an initiative where medicines are delivered safe under difficult conditions to the remotest areas of Sub-Saharan Africa (Amcor at a Glance, 2016). Amcor has an Accommodating approach. It is a part of Australian Packaging Covenant, and adheres to the regulations laid down (Orora Packaging Australia Pty Ltd, 2016). The current sustainable strategies undertaken at Amcor in the environmental aspect is lighter an initiative that reduces the energy consumption by 23% while the process of activities is going on, it also reduces the environmental damage done throughout the process by reducing the green house gas emission to 26% and also serves the economical aspect by reducing the raw material used throughout the process by 25%. In fulfilling the social aspect, an initiative called safer was launched where medicines were made to deliver in the remotest areas of Africa. Economical aspects that were initiated were fresher and smarter. Through smarter, tackling the problem of global food wastage and by Fresher reduction in the distribution cost was aimed along with optimally utilizing the resources available. The core values of Amcor are Safety- Taking care of all the entities associated with the company. Integrity Honesty and Ethical business practices, the foundation of the relationship is trust. Teamwork- Believing in making a difference by being together. Social Responsibility- Community and Environmental needs are being taken care and Innovation- Desire to find the best way to do a task (Our Core Values, 2016). Value alignment of Amcor is the mentioned value Safety aligns with their approach. The company aspires to have No Injury goal (Workplace, 2016). The stated value Integrity is taken care of seriously. A positive environment is created to achieve sustainable growth (Economy, 2016. Teamwork- working to bring a positive change as a team and Social Responsibility Giving back to the community is always considered cardinal (Environment, 2016) (Community, 2016).Innovation- desire to improvise and bring revolution is contemplated (Marketplace, 2016). Amcor has taken numerous initiatives. With the higher strength to serve market at its roots Amcor should capitalize on it. Until now their focus has been only on packaging changes that could be beneficial, but they should also utilize their strength to spread more literacy, generate more employment and create consciousness on Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Innovative sustainable ideas that Amcor could consider that also aligns with their business goals could be a vision for sustainable packaging. All the packaging materials utilized should be sourced responsibility. Throughout its cycle of life, it should be effective and safe along with meeting the parameters set by market in terms of cost, performance, benefit and safety standards. The sources of energy used should be renewable throughout the process of sourcing, transportation and manufacturing. The design of the product should be such that the materials and energy is fully optimized. Amcor should consider eliminating the negative impacts related to the packaging industry in terms of disposal. Managing the waste is usually a challenge faced in packaging industry, if this waste management is done effectively through a loop system, i.e., by reusing the waste in some form, or reducing the dependency on non reusable raw material used in manufacturing or by recycling the waste as a sourc e material for another utility product it could reduce the negative consequences for environment and societies. A possible smart design will eliminate the negative factors and would be a step forward for Amcor towards attaining their goals of sustainable development. The strategy could be formed for this, dealing with waste management closed loop systems could be implemented. Where packaging material is recovered and its disposal is done categorically, either it should be reused or recycled. This strategy would also promote employment opportunities, development of infrastructure used in recovery, and most importantly conservation and optimal use of resources. In terms of performance and cost, packaging material is the main input in cost factor that should be sourced from renewable resources. There may be an additional cost in the transition process for shifting from one packaging pattern to another, but there would also be saving when considered for long term , in terms of reduced regulations, reduction in environmental damage management cost and in the long term this new packaging would be more sustainable. A firm gets a competitive advantage by following the corporate social responsibility framework and by implementing the strategies for sustainable development. Amcor has the capacity to undertake various aspects of CSR and fulfill its responsibility. The above stated strategies in sustainable packaging ideas would help Amcor is achieving its objective of being a sustainably developed corporation. It will also create a feeling of trust and admiration in the minds of the stakeholders, financers and of loyalty in the employees associated with Amcor. Amcor is an ethical business which follows its responsibilities and has long term sustainable plans. It has to adopt a few more strategies to fully become a company that thrives on fulfilling its responsibilities and by leading the path of sustainable development. References Amcor at a Glance. 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016. From https://www.amcor.com/investor-relations/about-us Community. 2016. Retrieved 9 September, 2016, from https://www.amcor.com/sustainability/our-community#sthash.MdTYR1E5.dpbs Crowther, D. Aras, G. 2008. Corporate social responsibility. (Online). Retrieved 09 September, 2016, from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uZh7isaUfr8Cprintsec=frontcoverdq= corporate+social+responsibility+ebookhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwit3onsz_fOAhVIqo8KHVFVCR0Q6AEIKTAA#v=onepageqf=false Dujon,V.,Dillard, J., Brennan, M. 2013. Social Sustainability: A Multilevel Approach to Social Inclusion. UK: Routledge. Economy. 2016. Retrieved 9 September, 2016, from https://www.amcor.com/sustainability/our-economy#sthash.AmDkLgfc.dpbs Environment. 2016. Retrieved 9 September, 2016, from https://www.amcor.com/sustainability/ Ikerd, J. 2012. The Essentials of Economic Sustainability. US: Kumarian Press. Jackson, S., Ones, D., Dilchert,S. 2012. Managing Human Resources for Environmental Sustainability. US: John Wiley Sons. Marketplace. 2016. Retrieved 9 September, 2016, from https://www.amcor.com/sustainability/our-marketplace#sthash.RKh8Disu.dpbs Orora Packaging Australia Pty Ltd, 2016. Retrieved 9 September, 2016, from https://www.packagingcovenant.org.au/signatories.php?page=2 Our Core Values. 2016. Retrieved 9 September, 2016, from https://www.amcor.com/about_us/company/being-amcor Rauscher, R. Momtaz , M. 2013. Sustainable Communities: A Framework for Planning: Case Study of an Australian Outer Sydney Growth Area. US:Springer Netherlands Savitz, A. 2012. The Triple Bottom Line: How Today's Best-Run Companies Are Achieving Economic, Social and Environmental Success -- and How You Can Too. US: John Wiley Sons. Werbach, A. 2013. Strategy for Sustainability: A Business Manifesto. US: Harvard Business Press. Workplace. 2016. Retrieved 9 September, 2016, from https://www.amcor.com/sustainability/our-workplace#sthash.qpJWgO6j.dpbs.

Customs and Practices in Kadazan Society of Malaysia

Question: What are the Kadazan death Customs and other Practices that may involve in the Ceremonial? Answer: Introduction The report is an article review of the cultural heritage tourism of the Malaysia and Sabah. The report has been described the importance of the customs, practices and ritual in the tourism of the country. It is important to protect the cultural and heritage of Kadazan traditional practices and rituals in funerals. For the discussion, the cultural heritage tourism of Malaysia and Sabah has been taken in this report. In starting, the problem statement, research issue and research objectives has been highlighted and the significance of the study has been described. From the review of the first part, the definition of the cultural heritage tourism has been given in the report. The cultural heritage tourism can be described as the travel to gain experience of people, place, activities and things which represents the past and present of the cultural, natural and historic resources (Mohamed Rani, Othman Ahmad, 2014). Based on a study, it has been observed that in USA, there were around 78% travelers who were involved in the activities of cultural and heritage tourism. Along with this, it also has been observed that they spend more time in such areas as compared to other travelers. Heritage can be categorized into two resources i.e. tangible immovable resources and tangible movable resources. Tangible immovable resources include natural areas, rivers and buildings and tangible movable resources include documents in achieves and objects in museum. This report has been basically discussed about the importance of cultural heritage in the Malaysian tourism industry (Norhasimah, Tarmiji Azizul , 2014). Methodology and Discussion of Findings Malaysia is the multi-racial country having the rich cultural heritage. In the history of Malaysia, the culture is meeting and mixing since starting of tourism sector. There are various formats in which the cultural heritage of the country has been recorded. Those formats are sculptures, artifacts, traditional motifs, design on the jewelers and textiles and manuscripts which depict the cultural heritage. These formats are kept safe in museums, art galleries, libraries and cultural centers (Tourism Malaysia. 2015). There are 13 states in the country and Sabah is one of them. Sabah provides diverse experience of traveling to the travelers as the state has numerous ethnic culture. There are various form of culture having distinctive ways of village, dance, festivals, music, living as well as unique handicrafts. There is the largest ethnic group in Sabah named KadazanDusan Ethnic in which 30% population of Sabah belongs. Due to unique and variety of culture, Kadazan is very famous ethnic culture in Sabah. Kadazan has its own cultures and regulations from the point of birth to death which need to be documented. Behind this, Kadazan has its own identity and objective (Bahauddin, 2014). Research Issues and Objective It is necessary to preserve the cultural heritage in the tourism industry for every country. There are many studies conducted related to sustainable tourism which involve the cultural heritage elements. In the study, they touch cultural importance and heritage preservation in the tourism. Cultural heritage is the main point of attraction in the tourism of every country. There are many studies that are founded related to traditional customs and practices in the death incidence. In case of Sabah, it is difficult to find out proper sources for this study. The research objectives of the study are to identify the death practices and customs in Kadazan and to identify the customs involved in the death practices of the Kadazan (Bahar, et al, 2012). 1.Kadazan Death Practices and Customs According to the research, the rituals bridge the gaps between past, present and future. Death and dead are the necessary aspect of the society and the study of death can provide the knowledge about the structure of historical societies. In the Kadazan society, the community practiced seven days rituals on a death event. The death event is announced by hitting a metal instrument named gong or Dunsai. The green vegetables should not be served during all the seven days. Based on the Kadazan rituals, funeral will be on third day. The main aim of the research is to identify the importance of Kadazan practices and customs as well as to recognize the rituals involved in the death ceremony (Vyshka, 2010). Methodology For the study of Kadazan customs and practices, the quantitative methods have been used. The researchers have taken the interviews of those people who belong to that area. For this research, the sample of the interview of respondents has been collected which include six members of Kadazan society. The respondents were divided in to two catagories, two are the Bobohizan or the member of the Kadazan society and four are thee relatives of Bobohizans. They are the witness of the Kadazan customs and practices. The interview was held based on their knowledge and their preffered location. The respondednts were told that their interview will be recorded. Table 1: Data of Respondents Findings Based on their answers and information, researchers was able to find out many interesting information related to the Kadazan customs and practices. There are various Kadazan customs and practices from the moment of death. Based on the findings, it has been observed that there would be grieving for seven days. Within those seven days, there are three days which are important according to the respondent. Those are Momohobong (day 3), Momisok (day 6) and Mogukas (Day 7) which are stressed out by the respondents. By some inputs of the respondents, the details of these important days are got by the researchers. There were some respondents who gave detailed knowledge and information about the customs and rituals (Subramaniam, 2010). Based on the findings and response given by the respondents, Momohobong is the other name of funeral. At this point, the rituals and traditions are performed by the widow. In this act, the widow slightly kicks the coffin which was brought out from the house of burial. After this, another widowed does the tradition of cleansing by splashing the water from a bamboo on the floor where the coffin was placed. After this, another widowed comes to clean the floor by Ixora plant. It is the assumption that may every bad thing in the house will be obscured. The custom of Momisok is take place on the sixth day of grief. In this, the act of switching lights for 20 to 30 minutes takes place after the sunset. The aim of this ritual is to invite that spiritual to come in the house for the last time. The entire family prepares food with the assumption that it is the last food of that spirit in the home. This data was also collected the book of Lasimbang (2014) named Kadazan culture (Lasimbang, 2014). Mogukas is the last day of grief. In this act, it is shown that the family is moving on from that lost and trying to let him or her go. It is a tough act of throwing the burning of that person. With this, the family believes that the lost loved ones will always be in their memories. On the basis of given information by the respondent, there is the main role of widowed in all these rituals. The social life of widowed are very restricted and limited as they cannot communicate with outsiders. The society believes that if widowed break the rules; they can be harmed by the bad spirits (Mohad Gill, 2016) Figure 1: Kadazan customs (Source: Lasimbang, 2014) Conclusion The objective of this study is to identify the death practices and customs in Kadazan and to identify the customs involved in the death practices of the Kadazan. Based on the findings, it is clear that the research is successful in identifying the rituals in the Kadazan society at the incident of death. Along with this, it has also been observed that cultural heritage tourismis important to gain experience of people, place, activities and things by representing the past and present with the cultural, natural and historic resources. In the history of Malaysia, there are various formats in which the cultural heritage of the country has been recorded. There are various form of culture having distinctive way of village, dance, festivals, music, living as well as unique handicrafts. Cultural heritage is the main point of attraction in the tourism of every country. There are many studies that are founded related to traditional customs and practices in the death incidence. In Sabah, Kadazan has its own cultures and regulations from birth to death which need to be documented. Behind this, Kadazan has its own identity and objective. Further, Death and dead are the necessary aspect of the society and the study of death can provide the knowledge about the structure of historical societies. In the Kadazan society, the community practiced seven days rituals on a death event. To identify the rituals in the Kadazan society, researchers have conducted the interviews of those people who are connected with this society. On the basis of information provided by respondents, there are three days which are important according to the respondent. Those are Momohobong (day 3), Momisok (day 6) and Mogukas (Day 7). There were some respondents who gave detailed knowledge and information about the customs and rituals. By the findings, it is clear that the Kadazan community has the clear understanding and knowledge about its customs, practices and rituals. This study is helpful to contribute for the further research related to this topic. References Bahar, Z., Be?er, A., Ersin, F., K?ssal, A., Aydo?du, N. (2012). Traditional and Bahauddin, A., (2014). The Architectural and Cultural Heritage of Sabah - The Rungus Longhouse: SHS Web of Conferences. Retrieved on 17th February 2017 from https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2014/09/shsconf_4ictr2014_01030.pdf Lasimbang, R., (2014). To Promote the Kadazandusun Languages of Sabah. 34(2). Mohad, H. K., Gill, S. S. (2016). The Murut Tahol Culture in Sabah: The Historical Journey and Challenges: Asian Culture and History. 8(2) Mohamed Rani, Z., Othman, N., Ahmad, K. N. (2014). Perceived Authenticity as a Determinant to Revisit Heritage. Retrieved on 17th February 2017 https://versys.uitm.edu.my/prisma/view/viewPdf.php?pid=54704 Norhasimah, I., Tarmiji, M., Azizul , A. (2014). Cultural Heritage Tourism in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges: SHS Web of Conference. p. 01059). EDP Sciences Religious Death Practices in Western Turkey. Asian Nursing Research. 107-114. Subramaniam, V. (2010). The assimilation of Malay culture in the Baba and Nyonya culture in Malacca: The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences. 5(1). 431-436 Tourism Malaysia. (2015). People. Retrieved on 17th February 2017 from https://www.tourism.gov.my/en/es/about-malaysia/culture-n-heritage Vyshka, G., (2010). Death Rituals in Albania An anthropological review: Antrocom Online Journal of Anthropology. 6(2)